Changes

A variety of freely available software will be used to perform the practical exercises, due to differences in their functionality. PSEQ and VAT will be used to analyze sequence data to perform annotation, quality control, rare variant association analysis, and meta-analysis. FaST-LMM, GCTA-MLMA, REGENIE will be implemented to analyze population- and family-based data by applying generalized linear mixed models (qualitative traits) and linear mixed models (quantitative traits). For rare variant association analysis of trio data, RV-TDT will be applied. MultiPhen (multivariate) and PLINK (univariate) will be contrasted in their ability to detect pleiotropy; Mediation analysis will be performed using R to aid in distinguishing between biological, mediated, and spurious pleiotropy. To make inferences on causality, Mendelian randomization will be performed using MR-base. Estimation of polygenic risk scores will be performed using LDpred and non-parametric shrinkage. SuSie will be used for fine mapping to aid in the detection of causal susceptibility variants. Heritability estimates will be performed using GCTA. For analysis of eQTLs, Matrix eQTL will be used. Analysis of imputed expression data will be performed by applying PrediXCan; To perform analytical and empirical power analysis for single and rare variant aggregate tests, a variety of tools will be used that includes the Armitage Power Tool and the SKAT R library will be used. Additionally, variant annotation will be performed with ANNOVAR as well as directly using a variety of functional prediction and conservation tools, e.g. CADD, GERP, MutationTaster, MutPred, Polyphen-2, and SIFT.